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Comparison of the impacts of carbon and "green" energy on the Earths climate from the perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Tsegelskiy V.G. Comparison of the impacts of carbon and "green" energy on the Earths climate from the perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics // Journal of Advanced Research in Natural Science, Sydney, Australia. 2023. Issue 18, P. 18 - 41.

A comparison is made of the influence of carbon, hydrogen, solar and wind energy on the Earths climate. It is shown that it is not carbon energy that increases the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but the heating of the ocean, which contains a much larger amount of CO2 compared to the atmosphere. It is noted that carbon energy, if properly organized, provides less «thermal pollution» of the atmosphere, and accordingly an increase in its temperature and entropy production, in comparison with other types of energy considered. From the perspective of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the nature of the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods on Earth, which radically changes the state of the atmosphere and climate, is explained. It is noted that transitions are realized through hysteresis. The change in the state of the atmosphere is affected by the rate of change in its heat balance, on which the value of the thermodynamic parameter entropy production depends. Transitions between states are realized when the production of entropy in the atmosphere reaches a certain value. During transitions, both the structure of the atmosphere and the climate change dramatically. The nature of the dependences of the change in the production of entropy in the atmosphere on its average temperature for a number of cycles of warming and cooling is considered. It is shown that the nature of these dependences is similar to the nature of the dependences constructed for the Rayleigh-Benard convection. The impact on the amount of entropy production in the atmosphere of human consumption of fossil energy resources, the explosion of nuclear charges and the eruption of powerful volcanoes is shown.

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